One of the first and most essential documents you need to have as a citizen of the Philippines is a birth certificate.
As the name states, it’s the very proof that you were born in the country. Your birth certificate is the most basic requirement you’ll need when applying for school, work, and application of the issuance of a Philippine passport.
The Birth Certificate provides all details concerning a person’s legal identity & legal information - from a person’s name, date of birth, city, county of birth, sex, etc.
However, if you should ever discover that your Birth Certificate contains errors, then those same errors might cause delays to access or claim basic rights due to you.
This article aims to show what can be done to any potential errors found in your Birth Certificate.
Common Issues/Errors found in Birth Certificates
-Blurred details
-Wrong Spelling of certain details
-Issues concerning Names (First, Middle, Last, Names with Boy-Girl-Baby)
-Required Documents
-The difference between being born abroad or in the Philippines (Where to File)
Blurred – First Name, Last Name or other Information.
If the record of NSO is blurred, the local civil registrar shall be requested to endorse a copy of the birth certificate with a clearer entry in the first name to the NSO.
If the record of NSO and civil registry are both blurred, a petition for correction of clerical error should be filed.
Wrong Spelling – First Name, Middle Name or Last Name
The misspelled first name, middle name or last name in the birth certificate should be corrected by filing a petition for correction of clerical error.
Missing First Name, Middle Name, or Last Name
If the first name or last name of the child in the birth certificate is blank, a supplemental report should be filed to supply the missing entry.
Special cases NO MIDDLE NAME:
A. If legitimate
To supply the missing entry, a supplemental report should be filed through an affidavit indicating the entry missed in the registration and the reasons why there was a failure in supplying the required.
B. If illegitimate and acknowledged by the father
If the child is acknowledged by the father and middle name is blank, a supplemental report should be filed to enter the omitted middle name.
The mother’s surname shall be the middle of the child.
C. If illegitimate and not acknowledged by the father
Omitted middle names shall not be supplied anymore.
An illegitimate child whose affiliation is not recognized by the father bears only a given name and his/her mothers surname and does not have a middle name.
D. Different from the middle name entered in the birth certificate
A petition for correction of clerical should be filed to correct the middle name if:
*Last name of the mother in the birth certificate of the child is correct and middle name of the child is wrong.
*Last name of the mother in the birth certificate of the child is wrong and middle name of the child is correct.
E. Middle Names of the child and the mother in the birth certificate are wrong
To correct the middle name of the child and the last name of the mother in the birth certificate, a petition should be filed at the Regional Trial Court of the province where the corresponding civil registry is located.
The error is not already considered as clerical which can be corrected administratively.
Be ready for any document/s required by the lawyer to be presented during the petition which will show the correct middle name if the child.
F. Interchanged middle and last name
Interchanged middle and last names are considered as an error encoding which can be corrected by filing a petition for correction of clerical error.
J. For compound middle names like Dela Cruz, Quintos Deles, Villa Roman
The middle initial that should be used should be the first letter of the middle name. For Dela Cruz , the middle initial should be “D”. For Quintos Deles “Q”. For Villa Roman “V”.
H. Middle initial is entered on the birth certificate instead of the full middle name
The entry should be corrected by a petition for correction of clerical error.
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Special cases of ILLEGITIMATE CHILD LAST NAME:
A. If born before August 3, 1988
*If acknowledged by both parents. A child acknowledged by both parents shall use the surname of the father. The last name of the mother shall be the middle of the child.
*If acknowledged by only one parent. If recognized by only one of the parents, a child shall use the surname of the recognizing parent.
*Child under the surname of the mother and acknowledged by the father through authentic writing. The authentic writing executed by the father can be used as basis for you to use his last name.
B. Born after August 3, 1988
*Birth certificate already registered and child is under the surname of the mother and the father executed an affidavit of acknowledgment. The affidavit of acknowledgment executed by the father should be registered with the civil registry office where the birth of the child was registered. Since the surname being used is the surname of the mother, an Affidavit to Use the Surname of the Father (AUSF) should also be executed with the civil registry office where the birth is registered.
*Birth certificate already registered and child is under the surname of the mother and a Private Handwritten Instrument (PHI) by the father is presented. The PHI executed by the father should be the basis in order for you to use the surname of your father. Since the surname being used is the surname of the mother, an Affidavit to Use the Surname of the Father (AUSF) should also be executed with the civil registry office where the birth is registered.
*Birth certificate is not yet registered and the father acknowledges the child at the back of the birth certificate or in a separate public instrument. The surname of the father shall be entered as the last name of the child in the Certificate of Live Birth. The Certificate of Live Birth shall be recorded in the Register of Births.
Special cases FIRST NAME:
A. First name used is different from the first name entered in the birth certificate
If the first name used is different from what is entered in the birth certificate, the first name in the birth certificate shall be changed by filing a petition for change of first name.
B. First name is “Baby Boy”, “Baby Girl”, “Boy”, “Girl”, “Baby”
*If child is born before 1993. The first name “Baby Boy”, “Baby Girl”, “Baby”, “Boy” and “Girl” as considered as if the first names were omitted, hence these are cases falling under the procedure of supplemental report.
*If child is born in 1993 onwards. In 1993 onwards the “Baby Boy”, “Baby Girl”, “Baby”, “Boy” and “Girl” are already considered as a first name and can be corrected by filing a petition for change of first name.
PERSONS WHO CAN FILE
*The Document Owner
*Any authorized representative
*National Statistics Office
*Owner of the record
*Owner’s spouse
*Owner’s children
*Parents
*Brothers
*Sisters
*Grandparents
*Guardian
*Person duly authorized by law or by the owner of the document sought to be corrected;
*If owner of the record is a minor or physically or mentally incapacitated, petition may be filed by his spouse, or any of his children, parents, brothers; sisters; grandparents, guardians, or persons duly authorized by law.
REQUIRED DOCUMENTS
*Certified machine copy of the birth record containing the entry to be corrected;
*At least two (2) private or public documents upon which the correction shall be based like baptismal certificate, voters affidavit, employment record, GSIS/SSS record, medical record, business record, drivers license, insurance, land titles, certificate of land transfer, bank passbook, NBI/police clearance, civil registry records of ascendants;
*Notice/Certificate of Posting;
*Filing fee
*Other documents which may be required by the concerned civil registrar.
WHERE TO FILE
-If born in the Philippines – Civil registry office or municipality where the birth certificate is registered. When the petitioner had already migrated to another place within the Philippines, the petition may be filed with the civil registry office where he/she is currently residing.
-If born abroad – Philippine Consulate Office where the birth is reported.
Note: With regards to the filing fee, you can be exempted if you are considered as an indigent petitioner. According to the Implementing Rules and Regulations, section 8 of the law as amended by RA 10172, an indigent petitioner refers to a destitute, needy and poor individual who is certified as such by the social welfare and development office of the city/municipal government.
You can visit PSA website for more information.
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